Quelle VMA pour courir un marathon en 3h, 3h30, 4h, 4h30 ? Le tableau de référence

Are you aiming for a 3h, 3h30, 4h, or 4h30 marathon and wondering whether your current VMA is sufficient? VMA is one of the best predictors of marathon performance. If it is not at the right level, your target time may be physiologically unrealistic, regardless of your motivation.

In this article, we explain the minimum VMA required for each marathon goal, how to test it, and how to develop it if it is not yet at the required level.

Why VMA determines your marathon performance

Your VMA (Maximum Aerobic Speed) represents the minimum speed at which your body reaches its maximum oxygen consumption. It is your physiological ceiling.

During a marathon, you run at around 75-85% of your VMA depending on your endurance level. A highly endurance-trained runner can maintain around 85% of their VMA during a marathon. A less endurance-developed runner will usually be closer to 75-80%.

Mathematically, your VMA determines the range of marathon times you can realistically achieve. Without sufficient VMA, some goals remain inaccessible, even with perfect preparation.

The VMA / marathon goal table

Here are the recommended VMA levels for common marathon goals. These ranges correspond to well-prepared runners following a structured 16+ week training plan.

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Marathon goalTarget paceMinimum VMAOptimal VMA% VMA during race

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Sub 5h00 7'06/km 11 km/h 12-12.5 km/h 73-77%

Sub 4h30 6'24/km 12.5 km/h 13-13.5 km/h 75-78%

Sub 4h00 5'41/km 14 km/h 14.5-15 km/h 76-80%

Sub 3h45 5'20/km 14.5 km/h 15-15.5 km/h 78-80%

Sub 3h30 4'58/km 15.5 km/h 16-16.5 km/h 79-81%

Sub 3h15 4'37/km 16.5 km/h 17-17.5 km/h 80-82%

Sub 3h00 4'15/km 17.5 km/h 18-19 km/h 81-83%

Sub 2h45 3'54/km 19 km/h 19.5-20 km/h 83-85%

The "Minimum VMA" column represents the threshold below which the goal becomes physiologically difficult. The "Optimal VMA" column represents the level that allows you to target the goal with more comfort and margin.

How to test your VMA

Half-Cooper test (the simplest method)

On a track or measured course, after a 15-20 minute warm-up, run for exactly 6 minutes at the fastest sustainable pace possible. Record the distance covered.

Calculation:

VMA (km/h) = (distance in meters / 6) × 0.06

Example: you run 1500 m in 6 minutes:

VMA = (1500 / 6) × 0.06 = 15 km/h.

VAMEVAL test

A progressive track test with audio signals. You run at increasing speeds until exhaustion. It is more accurate but requires specific organization.

2000 m test

Run 2000 m as fast as possible after a warm-up. Your estimated VMA is slightly lower than your average speed over this distance.

How to develop your VMA

VMA improves slowly, but it can improve. The main factors are:

Weekly VMA sessions

One VMA session per week, never more. Example format:

10-12 × 400 m at VMA pace, with 1'30 jogging recovery.

Maintained for 8-12 weeks, this type of training can improve VMA by 5-10%.

Easy endurance volume

Without a strong aerobic base, your VMA will stagnate. 70-80% of your weekly volume should remain at an easy conversational pace.

Variation in VMA workouts

Doing 10 × 400 m every week for 6 months eventually stops producing progress. Vary your sessions:

• 10 × 400 m
• 6 × 800 m
• 5 × 1000 m
• 4 × 1200 m
• 30/30 intervals (30 seconds fast at VMA pace, 30 seconds easy)

Recovery between quality sessions

VMA is built during recovery, not during the effort itself. Allow at least 48 hours between hard sessions.

Special cases

Borderline VMA: should you still aim for the goal?

If your VMA is just at the minimum threshold (for example, VMA 14 km/h to target sub 4h), it is possible, but you have very little margin. A bad day, difficult weather conditions, or poor nutrition management can significantly affect your result.

Recommended strategy: first improve your VMA by 0.5 to 1 km/h over 3-4 months, then start a specific marathon preparation. You will have a much stronger foundation.

High VMA but limited endurance

The opposite situation is also common: your VMA is excellent (18 km/h for example), but your weekly mileage is low (40 km/week).

You may be able to hold your target marathon pace, but not for 42.195 km.

Strategy: build your aerobic endurance and increase volume before starting an ambitious marathon block.

VMA and running economy

VMA is not everything. Two runners with the same VMA can achieve very different marathon times depending on their running economy (the amount of energy required to maintain a given speed).

Key factors improving running economy:

• Cadence (around 175-180 steps per minute for many runners)
• Strength training
• Appropriate footwear
• Efficient running technique

To go further with pace calculations, also check our [10K Pace for 1 Hour: Splits and Training Plan]{.underline}.

READY TO TAKE ACTION?Validate your VMA and find the right shoe for your goal

Your VMA helps determine your realistic marathon potential. StrideMatch estimates your actual VMA from your running data and recommends footwear that matches your target pace and biomechanical profile.

[▸ Analyze my VMA]{.underline}

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